Definitions

Hey guys! This video is from my mate Arely and me! 

Reflection

First of all I think it was a short course, we  developed our skills, our habillities and that was the best part. Our curse was about how we can learn to teach students develop their skills in the best possible way. We also had some experiences where we felt how dificult it is. 

The most dificult part was when we had to read, because in that moment we didn´t develop our reading skill yet. Now I can say, We are able to read a long text, We feel confident when we have to make a summary or something similar. We also can organize our ideas much better that the beginning. 

Another important part is that now we know more about learning theories, methods and how to use our communicative competence. I really would like to know all about them, but I also know it takes a lot of time, practise and constancy. 

All what we saw, learned, and practiced are going to be tools, for real life and teaching but as everything we have to acquire more knowledge to be good teachers, to know what we are doing. 

Speaking/Definition

Listening/Definition

Reading/definition

Pronunciation

Pronunciation

"Pronunciation" refers to the way in which we make the sound of words.

To pronounce words, we push air from our lungs up through our throat and vocal chords, through our mouth, past our tongue and out between our teeth and lips. (Sometimes air also travels through our nose.)

To change the sound that we are making, we mainly use the muscles of our mouth, tongue and lips to control the shape of our mouth and the flow of air. If we can control the shape of our mouth and the flow of air correctly, then our pronunciation is clearer and other people understand us more easily.

Speakers of different languages tend to develop different muscles of the mouth for pronunciation. When we speak a foreign language, our muscles may not be well developed for that language, and we will find pronunciation more difficult. By practising the foreign language pronunciation, our muscles develop and pronunciation improves.

As well as creating correct vowel and consonant sounds using the muscles of our mouth, tongue and lips, there are other important aspects of pronunciation, including:

• word stress - emphasis on certain syllables in a word
• sentence stress - emphasis on certain words in a sentence
• linking - joining certain words together
• intonation - the rise and fall of our voice as we speak

Grammar

Grammar

In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics.

The term grammar is often used by non-linguists with a very broad meaning. As Jeremy Butterfield puts it, "Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to." However, linguists use it in a much more specific sense. Speakers of a language have a set of internalised rules for using that language. 

This is grammar, and the vast majority of the information in it is acquired—at least in the case of one's native language—not by conscious study or instruction, but by observing other speakers; much of this work is done during infancy. Learning a language later in life usually involves a greater degree of explicit instruction.

The term "grammar" can also be used to describe the rules that govern the linguistic behaviour of a group of speakers. The word grammar is derived from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη (grammatikē technē), which means "art of letters"

Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game.

Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is "no". Very many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. So think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map.